Ments for each paw was 8.08 ?0.22 seconds in the control animals and > 자유게시판

Ments for each paw was 8.08 ?0.22 seconds in the control animals and 8.13 ?0.20 seconds in the transplanted animals 1 week after SCI, which decreased to 6.34 ?0.14 and 6.26 ?0.18 seconds, 2 weeks after SCI (1 week after transplantation), respectively. The control animals did not improve their latency further; their final average latency at 9 weeks after SCI was 6.30 ?0.19 seconds. In contrast, the transplanted animals shortened their latency during each subsequent week and started to show significant differences compared with the controls at 7 weeks after SCI (P D(+)-Galactosamine (hydrochloride) E). The grafted SPC-01 cells were identified as a packed cell mass. However, the Prussian blue-stained nanoparticles were more accumulated inside the cell mass compared with the margins of the immunostained cell mass, indicating that some of the cells expelled the label (Figure 2F). We speculate that the expulsion of nanoparticles can happen because of the differentiation of stem cells, particularly into astrocytes, because we already saw this in our previous experiments. However, graft survival and the differentiation pattern (see later) were not affected by magnetic labeling, and we did not observe any difference between labeled and unlabeled cells, which were detected by staining for MTCO2 or HuNu.Morphometric evaluation of the spared white and gray matterThe ability to traverse a beam with a flat surface was examined weekly. Rats with SCI, injected with saline, were not able to transverse the beam at all, because no signs of weight support and/or PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15501003 stepping were observed (Figure 1C). However, after SPC-01 treatment, the rats started to maintain their body weight on the beam for 60 seconds, and some of them could traverse the beam. A statistically significant difference appeared at 7 weeks after SCI (6 weeks after transplantation) between the control (0.2 ?0.06) and transplanted (2.3 ?0.33) groups (P < 0.05).In vivo imagingTo check the feasibility of tracking transplanted stem cells, four animals were grafted with SPC-01 cells labeled with PLL-SPIO nanoparticles. The cells were labeled before transplantation. The viability of the labeled cells was 88 , and the labeling efficiency was 57 , which means that 57 of cells were labeled. (The methods used to evaluate cell viability and labeling efficiency are described in Additional file 2). The spinal cord lesion was visible on T2-weighted MR images 5 days after lesioning as a hyperintense signal (Figure 2A), probably representing edema. The grafted cells were detected in the lesion on T2-weighted images as a strong hypointense area (Figure 2B) in the cranialThe area of the white and gray matter was calculated between 1-cm cranial and 1-cm caudal to the injury epicenter. The cross-sectional areas (mm2) were plotted at 1-mm increments from the injury epicenter, which was recognized as the smallest area of the spinal cord (Figure 3A). The area of the white matter was calculated by subtracting the areas of the gray matter and the cavity that was created after SCI from the total area of the spinal cord. In grafted animals, when compared with lesioned controls, the white matter was significantly spared in the front segment rostral to 7-mm cranial to the injury epicenter and in the rear segment behind 4mm.