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Data frames and remote frames are separated from preceding frames by a bit field called interframe space. The stuffed data frames are destuffed by the receiver. ISO 11898-2 provides some immunity to common mode voltage between transmitter and receiver by having a 0 V rail running along the bus to maintain a high degree of voltage association between the nodes. The actual voltage to be applied by the bus and which nodes apply to it are application-specific and not formally specified. A recessive state is present on the bus only when none of the transmitters on the bus is asserting a dominant state. Each node that receives the frame, without finding an error, transmits a dominant level in the ACK slot and thus overrides the recessive level of the transmitter. This usually allows operating margin on the supply rail sufficient to allow interoperability across many node types. The design provides a common supply for all the transceivers.

Common practice node design provides each node with transceivers that are optically isolated from their node host and derive a 5 V linearly regulated supply voltage for the transceivers from the universal supply rail provided by the bus. An active error flag can be transmitted by a node when an error has been detected. The following second field is the ERROR DELIMITER (8 recessive bits). The overload frame contains the two bit fields: Overload Flag and Overload Delimiter. Overload Delimiter consists of eight recessive bits. Certain controllers allow the transmission or reception of a DLC greater than eight, but the actual data length is always limited to eight bytes. ISO 11898-2:2016 specifies the high-speed (transmission rates of up to 1 Mbit/s) medium access unit (MAU), and some medium-dependent interface (MDI) features (according to ISO 8802-3), which comprise the physical layer of the controller area network. A CAN network can be configured to work with two different message (or frame) formats: the standard or base frame format (described in CAN 2.0 A and CAN 2.0 B), and the extended frame format (described only by CAN 2.0 B). It is also possible, however, for a destination node to request the data from the source by sending a remote frame.

When TEC is greater than 255, then the node enters into Bus Off state, where no frames will be transmitted. Overload frames and error frames are not preceded by an interframe space and multiple overload frames are not separated by an interframe space. Overload Flag consists of six dominant bits. The active error flag consists of six consecutive dominant bits and violates the rule of bit stuffing. In the fields where bit stuffing is used, six consecutive bits of the same polarity (111111 or 000000) are considered an error. To ensure enough transitions to maintain synchronization, a bit of opposite polarity is inserted after five consecutive bits of the same polarity. In the event of a data frame and a remote frame with the same identifier being transmitted at the same time, the data frame wins arbitration due to the dominant RTR bit following the identifier. There are two differences between a data frame and a remote frame. The two identifier fields (A & B) combine to form a 29-bit identifier.

The only difference between the two formats is that the CAN base frame supports a length of 11 bits for the identifier, and the CAN extended frame supports a length of 29 bits for the identifier, made up of the 11-bit identifier (base identifier) and an 18-bit extension (identifier extension). It is applicable to setting up a time-triggered interchange of digital information between electronic control units (ECU) of road vehicles equipped with CAN, and specifies the frame synchronization entity that coordinates the operation of both logical link and media access controls in accordance with ISO 11898-1, to provide the time-triggered communication schedule. ISO 11898 series specifies physical and data link layer (levels 1 and 2 of the ISO/OSI model) of serial communication category called controller area network that supports distributed real-time control and multiplexing for use within road vehicles. In other words, we must minimise the amount of delay across the network for the IP Packets containing the digitised speech. 1. The internal conditions of a receiver, which requires a delay of the next data frame or remote frame. Following that, if a dominant bit is detected, it will be regarded as the Start of frame bit of the next frame.

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