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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a natural mineral that is found in long, thin fibres. People who are exposed to asbestos regularly risk developing mesothelioma and other types of lung diseases.

The symptoms of these diseases may not be evident for a long time after exposure to asbestos. Different asbestos types can cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a type of cancer that occurs in the outer lung liner (pleura). It is the most common mesothelioma that accounts for up between 70 and 79% of diagnosed cases. Patients with this disease feel chest pain and breathlessness and may experience a sensation of heaviness in the chest.

Exposure to asbestos, a class of minerals composed of microscopic fibers, usually causes this type of cancer. When inhaled, these fibers cause irritation and DNA mutations. The pleura surrounds the lungs and chest cavity This means that these irritations can affect both the lungs and the heart of a person. Mesothelioma symptoms usually don't appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Shortness of breath and chest pain are the most frequent symptoms. Some patients may also suffer from chest tightness, coughing or difficulty breathing. People who suffer from this cancer usually have a history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. Construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding are the most prevalent jobs that put people at a high danger of developing pleural melanoma. People who have served in the military are at a higher risk because of the extensive use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers used by the army.

The most common staging system for pleural mysothelioma has been the TNM (tumor, lymph nodes and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient has when they are diagnosed will help their doctor determine the most appropriate treatment plan for them. For instance, patients suffering from mesothelioma that is pleural in stage three or four have a worse prognosis than patients with a lower stage. Mesothelioma in stage four is usually spread to the diaphragm, the liver or even the heart of a patient. This makes the cancer more difficult to treat and increase the risk of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Unlike pleural mesothelioma, which is a lung-lining cancer, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum -- it is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity as well as organs like the liver and intestines. Like pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos exposure. Only 300-500 cases are diagnosed annually which is lower than the pleural asbestosis.

Like pleural mesothelioma, the symptoms can take a long time to manifest. Patients usually have abdominal pain, and may have a mass in their abdomen. This mesothelioma type can also cause nausea, weight loss, and fever. A lot of these symptoms are similar to symptoms of digestive issues, which could cause incorrect diagnosis.

Doctors can identify mesothelioma by looking over the medical history of the patient and performing a physical examination. Imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans are a way to detect mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors and other signs of cancer that aren't visible on an X-ray.

These tests enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma, determine the stage and recommend treatment options. The staging is determined by the cell type and whether or the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Asbestos exposure is the biggest risk factor. People who have worked in professions that require asbestos, like plumbing or manufacturing, electrical work or construction, are at a higher risk of developing the disease. Even if an individual isn't employed in one of these areas they could be exposed to asbestos through family members and other sources. This is why anyone who suspects they may be at risk should talk to a doctor. If they have a history of asbestos exposure or mesothelioma, a specialist can help them find out more about their risk.

Risk Factors

asbestos lawsuit exposure is the primary risk factor for mesothelioma which accounts for as much as 80 percent of all cases. Exposure to Asbestos legal can happen due to work, military service or by living with someone who works with asbestos or has previously done the same. When exposed to asbestos, the particles are able to be inhaled into lungs and abdomen. These particles can cause irritation to the linings of the lungs, causing cancerous cells to develop in the mesothelium. Mesothelioma can take anywhere between 15 and 60 years to develop after exposure to asbestos lawsuit.

Other risk factors include smoking, genetics and age. People in their 40s or 50s are more at chance of developing mesothelioma to those who are younger or older. This is because mesothelioma usually takes 20 to 60 years from the first exposure to asbestos before the first signs of cancer appear. It is also important to know that mesothelioma is a possibility in people who have been exposed to asbestos case but didn't engage directly with it. This is referred to as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos and it can be just as dangerous as direct exposure.

Smoking can increase the likelihood of developing mesothelioma since it damages the mesothelium and makes it more vulnerable to asbestos. Additionally, mesothelioma can be exacerbated by certain illnesses like asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to know that mesothelioma is more common in males than females. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer time and work with it. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who had been exposed to asbestos, and to have asbestos claim-containing fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come exposed to asbestos litigation, and they are less likely to bring asbestos home on their clothes.

Diagnosis

It is difficult to recognize mesothelioma because its symptoms are often similar to other conditions. This can lead to victims being wrongly diagnosed.

The first step in identifying mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination and write note of the medical history of the patient which includes asbestos exposure. Doctors will also order a CT scan or chest X-ray to check for lumps, abnormalities and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include plaques in the pleura, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance image, or MRI test, which uses magnets and radio waves in order to produce a series of precise images of inside the body. A surgical biopsy is another method for doctors to identify mesothelioma. During a surgery biopsy doctors will remove a small piece of tissue from the pleura or the peritoneum, to be tested further. A pathologist can look at the tissue under a microscope to see if it has cancerous cells.

The type of mesothelial cell involved as well as the benign or malignant nature of these cells as well as the location and stage of the tumor, are used to categorize the disease. Certain types of mesothelioma are at greater risk of spreading or metastasizing, so it's important to get a definitive diagnosis so doctors can treat it before it gets out-of-control.

Doctors may also conduct tests in the lab on tumors to determine specific genes, proteins and other factors that help them understand the characteristics of the cancer and determine a treatment. These results are known as staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma can be frightening. It is important to keep in mind, however, that cancer can be treated particularly in its initial stages. Many people with mesothelioma live for a long time without the disease spreading to other organs of their body.

Exposure to asbestos can cause mesothelioma by many mechanisms. Asbestos fibers, which are too small to be felt or seen by naked eyes, can become airborne, causing irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). In time the irritation can lead to the formation of scar tissues, which eventually lead to tumors.

The pleura covers the lungs and heart and also the abdomen. Mesothelium is made up of cells that react to asbestos, causing it to inflame and develop scar tissue. These changes eventually cause mesothelioma cancers.

Shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or the accumulation of fluid on the lungs are all indications of the pleural Msothelioma. In rare cases the cancer may grow to the tissues surrounding the heart and reproductive organs.

A doctor will request biopsy if imaging scans reveal a possible tumor in the lungs or stomach. During the procedure, doctors will remove a small sample of the fluid or tumor for lab analysis. The results will confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis, and provide the best treatment plan.

There are a variety of treatment for mesothelioma, including surgery and chemotherapy. Most doctors use combinations of these treatments. Patients can also benefit by participating in a clinical study of new mesothelioma treatments. Patients can learn more by consulting a mesothelioma expert who has treated the condition.